The tkinter Pack Geometry Manager

The Pack geometry manager packs widgets in rows or columns. You can use options like fill, expand, and side to control this geometry manager.

The manager handles all widgets that are packed inside the same master widget. The packing algorithm is simple, but a bit tricky to describe in words; imagine a sheet of some elastic material, with a very small rectangular hole in the middle. For each widget, in the order they are packed, the geometry manager makes the hole large enough to hold the widget, and then place it against a given inner edge (default is the top edge). It then repeats the process for all widgets. Finally, when all widgets have been packed into the hole, the manager calculates the bounding box for all widgets, makes the master widget large enough to hold all widgets, and moves them all to the master.

When to use the Pack Manager

Compared to the grid manager, the pack manager is somewhat limited, but it’s much easier to use in a few, but quite common situations:

1. Put a widget inside a frame (or any other container widget), and have it fill the entire frame
2. Place a number of widgets on top of each other
3. Place a number of widgets side by side

See the Patterns section for code examples.

If you need to create more complex layouts, you usually have to group the widgets using extra Frame widgets. You can also use the grid manager instead.

Note: Don’t mix grid and pack in the same master window. tkinter will happily spend the rest of your lifetime trying to negotiate a solution that both managers are happy with. Instead of waiting, kill the application, and take another look at your code. A common mistake is to use the wrong parent for some of the widgets.

Patterns #

Filling the entire parent widget

A common situation is when you want to place a widget inside a container widget, and have it fill the entire parent. Here’s a simple example: a listbox placed in the root window:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

listbox = Listbox(root)
listbox.pack()

for i in range(20):
    listbox.insert(END, str(i))

mainloop()

By default, the listbox is made large enough to show 10 items. But this listbox contains twice as many. But if the user attempts to show them all by resizing the window, tkinter will add padding around the listbox:

To make the widget fill the entire parent, also if the user resizes the window, add fill and expand options:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

listbox = Listbox(root)
listbox.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)

for i in range(20):
    listbox.insert(END, str(i))

mainloop()

The fill option tells the manager that the widget wants fill the entire space assigned to it. The value controls how to fill the space; BOTH means that the widget should expand both horisontally and vertically, X means that it should expand only horisontally, and Y means that it should expand only vertically.

The expand option tells the manager to assign additional space to the widget box. If the parent widget is made larger than necessary to hold all packed widgets, any exceeding space will be distributed among all widgets that have the expand option set to a non-zero value.

Placing a number of widgets on top of each other

To put a number of widgets in a column, you can use the pack method without any options:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

w = Label(root, text="Red", bg="red", fg="white")
w.pack()
w = Label(root, text="Green", bg="green", fg="black")
w.pack()
w = Label(root, text="Blue", bg="blue", fg="white")
w.pack()

mainloop()

You can use the fill=X option to make all widgets as wide as the parent widget:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

w = Label(root, text="Red", bg="red", fg="white")
w.pack(fill=X)
w = Label(root, text="Green", bg="green", fg="black")
w.pack(fill=X)
w = Label(root, text="Blue", bg="blue", fg="white")
w.pack(fill=X)

mainloop()

Placing a number of widgets side by side

To pack widgets side by side, use the side option. If you wish to make the widgets as high as the parent, use the fill=Y option too:

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

w = Label(root, text="Red", bg="red", fg="white")
w.pack(side=LEFT)
w = Label(root, text="Green", bg="green", fg="black")
w.pack(side=LEFT)
w = Label(root, text="Blue", bg="blue", fg="white")
w.pack(side=LEFT)

mainloop()

Reference #